Induction of Hepatic Regeneration in an Experimental Model Using Hepatocyte-Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based liver tissue engineering on nanofibrous scaffold holds great promise for cell-based therapy in liver injuries and end-stage liver failure treatments. MSCs were generated from umbilical cord blood. Hepatogenic differentiation was induced on two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture system and characterized by morphology, scanning electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and gene expression. Albumin and α-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in culture supernatants were measured. Differentiated cells were administered intravenous into a murine model of carbon tetra induced liver cirrhosis. After 12 weeks of injection, liver pathology was examined. The hepatogenic differentiated MSCs stained positively for albumin, alpha fetoprotein, HepPar1, cytokeratin 7 and 18, and OV6 with more mature cells, hexagonal in shape with central nuclei forming large sheets in groups in 3D culture system. AAT secretion and indocyanine green uptake were significantly increased in 3D system. In experimental model, MSC-3D treated group exhibited maximal restoration of liver architecture with absent septal fibrosis and marked improvement of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), and mild increase in albumin. Both 3D and 2D culture system are effective in functional hepatogenic differentiation from MSCs and serve as a vehicle in liver tissue engineering. In vivo hepatogenic differentiation is more effective on 3D scaffold, with better functional recovery.