Abstract
Bacterial prostatitis is believed to be the leading cause of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in men under 50 years of age and occurs both as an acute febrile disease responsive to antibiotics and as a chronic infection that is often unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. Proteus mirabilis is more commonly associated with UTIs in these abnormalities, especially in patients undergoing catheterisation. This pathogen is able to colonise the host’s tissues and to cause disease thanks to the production of many virulence factors such as fimbriae, flagella, immune avoidance, host-damaging factors, and the ability to form crystalline biofilms. In addition, Proteus lipid A may exhibit apoptotic activity and induce desquamation of epithelial cells. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of two clinically isolated strains of P. mirabilis that are phenotypically different, named PM1 of PM2, respectively, to induce apoptosis in human prostatic adenocarcinoma PC-3. Our results demonstrate that PM1 and PM2 are able to activate two different apoptotic pathways, and this different behaviour is confirmed by the expression level of the ZapA gene, molecular fingerprinting and different spectrum of antibiotic resistance. The identification and knowledge of relations between the microorganism and host may provide the basis for new solutions to clinical problems with regard to diagnosis and therapy.
Highlights
Bacterial prostatitis is a pathological condition that can manifest with varying clinical features, including inflammation, pelvic pain, problems with voiding, and a variable degree of sexual dysfunction
Proteus mirabilis and Bacterial Prostatitis between 1 and 3 months and a chronic form that is often associated with biofilm formation with recurrent symptoms and which does not respond to antibiotic treatments
PM1 and PM2 have proven to possess a significant degree of diversity in terms of resistance to various classes of antibiotics, especially versus Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid, Cefuroxime and Fosfomycin c/G6P, all of which are frequently used in the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) (Table 3)
Summary
Bacterial prostatitis is a pathological condition that can manifest with varying clinical features, including inflammation, pelvic pain (localised to the prostate, perineum, or urethra), problems with voiding, and a variable degree of sexual dysfunction. This disease involves psychological aspects along with the onset of depressive syndromes due to the persistence of intense pain and the frequency of urination, resulting in the worsening of a patient’s quality of life (Chen et al, 2014; Krsmanovic et al, 2014; Sandhu and Tu, 2017). A prostate enlargement that prevents complete bleeding of the bladder, resulting in increased bacterial growth and the risk of developing an infection, is observed in BPH (Bradway et al, 2013)
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