Abstract
A Phase I HIV-1 vaccine trial sponsored by the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) was conducted in India in 2009 to test a subtype C prophylactic vaccine in a prime-boost regimen comprising of a DNA prime (ADVAX) and MVA (TBC-M4) boost. The trial demonstrated that the regimen was safe and well tolerated and resulted in enhancement of HIV-specific immune responses. Preliminary observations on vaccine-induced immune responses were limited to analysis of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ ELISPOT response. The present study involves a more detailed analysis of the nature of the vaccine-induced humoral immune response using specimens that were archived from the volunteers at the time of the trial. Interestingly, we found vaccine induced production of V1/V2 and V3 region-specific antibodies in a significant proportion of vaccinees. Variable region antibody levels correlated directly with the frequency of circulating T follicular helper cells (Tfh) and regulatory T cells (Treg). Our findings provide encouraging evidence to demonstrate the immunogenicity of the tested vaccine. Better insights into vaccine-induced immune responses can aid in informing future design of a successfulHIV-1 vaccine.
Highlights
According to the recent UNAIDS report, there are 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide
MPER-binding antibodies were detected only in 10% (1/6) of Group A and Group B volunteers. These findings reveal that the poxvirus and adenovirus based HIV vaccines were capable of inducing antibodies with variable regions binding specificity similar to that seen in the previous HIV-1 vaccine trials [27, 28]
Some of the popular HIV vaccine trials conducted in the past including the VAX004, Merck 023 and HTN505 trials, have shown that it is difficult to elicit high titers of HIV-1-Nabs, and that the low levels of antibodies induced by the vaccines do not last long in vaccinated individuals [32]
Summary
According to the recent UNAIDS report, there are 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide. India alone has 2.1 million people living with HIV and has reported approximately. Immunogenicity of a HIV-1 subtype C vaccine. Foundation, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Irish Aid, the Ministry of Finance of Japan in partnership with The World Bank, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands, the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), the United Kingdom Department for International Development (DFID), and the USAID.
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