Abstract
Development of novel therapeutic modalities is crucial for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Recent scientific studies have been focused on herbal medicines as potent anti-cancer drug candidates. This study is the first to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of cell death induced by grape seed extract (GSE) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB cells). MTT (3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue assays were performed in KB cells as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used to analyze the cytotoxic activity of GSE. Furthermore, the apoptosis-inducing action of the extract was determined by TUNEL, DNA fragmentation and cell death analysis. Statistical significance was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's test at a significance level of P≤0.05. The results showed apoptotic potential of GSE, confirmed by significant inhibition of cell growth and viability in a dose- and time- dependent manner without inducing damage to non-cancerous cell line HUVEC. The results of this study suggest that this plant contains potential bioactive compound(s) for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Highlights
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers with increasing risk in younger people less than years of age, especially in developed countries
To confirm the effect of extracts on the induction of apoptosis in KB cells, the grape seed extract (GSE) was examined on the internucleosomal DNA fragmentation as a characteristics feature of apoptosis
It is possible that GSE causes apoptosis in KB cells
Summary
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common oral cancers with increasing risk in younger people less than years of age, especially in developed countries. Principal methods for treatment of OSCC are radiotherapy and surgery but recurrences are common with further resistance to therapy [ - ]. Nowadays complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) provides treatments for various cancers using herbal medicine derivatives from natural products. Recent scientific studies have been focused on herbal medicine as potent anti-cancer drug candidates [ ]. Taxol from Taxus brevifolia L, as a plant-derived compound, is extensively used in the clinical practice. Cytotoxic effects of medicinal plant extracts can be mediated through the induction of apoptosis [ ]. Apoptosis, programmed cell death, occurs in physi-
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