Induction core alloys for heavy-ion inertial fusion-energy accelerators

Abstract

Induction core alloys are evaluated that are appropriate for heavy-ion induction accelerators to drive heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF) power plants. Parameters evaluated include the usable flux swing and the energy loss over a range of magnetization rates of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}--{10}^{7}\mathrm{T}/\mathrm{s}$, corresponding to pulse durations of $\ensuremath{\sim}20$ to $0.2\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, respectively. The usable flux swing, for minimum core losses, extends from near the reversed remanent field to about 80% of the saturation field. The usable flux swing is enhanced, with little increase in losses, by annealing the core after winding. Maintaining low energy loss at high magnetization rates requires insulation to block interlaminar eddy currents. To obtain annealed cores with a high ratio of remanent to saturation magnetic field, the insulation must withstand annealing temperatures and apply minimum mechanical stress to the core during cooldown. We find that commercially available insulating coatings for amorphous metals either break down near ${10}^{6}\mathrm{T}/\mathrm{s}$ (a factor of 10 below the requirement), or do not achieve the maximum remanent field and hence the usable flux swing after annealing. More satisfactory coatings are available for silicon steel and nanocrystalline alloys, which could have applications in HIF. Amorphous alloys are capable of meeting most HIF needs, especially with improved coatings.