Abstract
Gene expression is one of the major applications in plant molecular biology, which plays important role in theoretical and agricultural application researches. Due to the weak foundation and lack of tools, most of the early studies used constitutive promoters, such as the most commonly used 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, to overexpress. With the further researches, people have more understanding of the molecular biology of gene expression, and then derived better and more tools. In order to have spatiotemporal and quantitative fine-tune expression, several inducible gene expression systems have been developed. Classified according to different inducers, the commonly used expression systems are as such, the tetracycline induced, the steroid induced, the ethanol induced, the insecticide induced, and the copper induced. These systems have different working principles because of the different factors and components used; at the same time, there are also commonalities in each of them, they are usually composed of two elements, the activation element and the response element. In this paper, several plant inducible expression systems are reviewed, and their characteristics are analyzed, reviewed and prospected.
Highlights
Gene expression is one of the major applications in plant molecular biology, which plays important role in theoretical and agricultural application researches
The activation element of the system expresses a chimeric transcriptional activator TGV protein, which is composed by three components, namely, TetR DBD, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligand binding domain (LBD) and VP16 activation domain (AD); in the response element, the target gene expression is controlled by the TOP10 promoter (Figure 7)
The activation element of the system is controlled by the CaMV35S promoter, and the target promoter in the response element is the fusion of AlcA and mini35S, which regulates the transcription of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene (Figure 10)
Summary
2.1 Dexamethasone induced GR fusion system In mammals, the molecular mechanism of steroid nuclear receptor regulation is highly conservative. The target promoter of the response element consists of a UAS activation region composed of six GAL4 binding sequences and mini35S fusion, which regulates the expression of the target gene (Figure 3). The target promoter in the response element consists of an 8-copy LexA binding site (OlexA) and mini35S promoter, which regulates the expression of downstream green fluorescent protein gene (Figure 6). The expression of green fluorescent protein was activated, and the expression level of GFP was 3-5 times than that of CaMV35 promoter The advantage of this system is that compared with GVG/UAS system, β-estradiol inducer has no obvious toxic effect on plants and does not affect the expression of endogenous defense-related genes in host plants (Zuo et al, 2000b). The disadvantage is that the system cannot be used in plants containing plant steroids such as soybeans
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