Abstract
BackgroundSome strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) by emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short chain alcohols, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether species-specific VOCs from PGPR strain Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 can promote growth and induce resistance in Arabidopsis.Methodology/Principal FindingsThe efficacy of induction was strain-specific, with stronger protection against Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 in plants exposed to VOCs from P. polymyxa E681 versus Arabidopsis plants exposed to VOCs from a reference strain Bacillus subtilis GB03, which was previously shown to elicit ISR and plant growth promotion. VOC emissions released from E681 primed transcriptional expression of the salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene signaling marker genes PR1, ChiB, and VSP2, respectively. In addition, strain E681 produced more than thirty low molecular-weight VOCs, of which tridecane was only produced by E681 and not found in GB03 or IN937a volatile blends. These strain-specific VOCs induced PR1 and VSP2 genes.Conclusions/SignificanceThese results provide new insight into the existence of a long chain VOC signaling molecule produced by P. polymyxa that can serve as a bacterial trigger of induced systemic resistance in planta.
Highlights
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of root-colonizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of many plant species that enhance plant productivity and often elicit plant immunity against multiple plant pathogens [1,2,3], a process referred to as induced systemic resistance (ISR)
Conclusions/Significance: These results provide new insight into the existence of a long chain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) signaling molecule produced by P. polymyxa that can serve as a bacterial trigger of induced systemic resistance in planta
The total leaf surface area of Arabidopsis seedlings increased following exposure to VOCs released from strains E681 and GB03 at all distances from the bacterial inoculation site
Summary
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a group of root-colonizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of many plant species that enhance plant productivity and often elicit plant immunity against multiple plant pathogens [1,2,3], a process referred to as induced systemic resistance (ISR). PGPR have been found to produce many bacterial determinants that promote plant growth and reduce disease [4,5]. In 2003, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by two Bacillus spp. were shown to be novel determinants of both plant growth promotion and elicitation of ISR in Arabidopsis [7,9,10]. Among VOCs released from strain GB03, 2,3butanediol was found as a major component that promoted plant growth and elicited ISR against Erwinia carotovora subsp. Some strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) elicit induced systemic resistance (ISR) by emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including short chain alcohols, acetoin, and 2,3-butanediol. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether species-specific VOCs from PGPR strain Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 can promote growth and induce resistance in Arabidopsis
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