Induced pluripotent stem cell: A headway in reprogramming with promising approach in regenerative biology.

N Rawat,M K Singh

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2017.640-649

Abstract

Since the embryonic stem cells have knocked the doorsteps, they have proved themselves in the field of science, research, and medicines, but the hovered restrictions confine their application in human welfare. Alternate approaches used to reprogram the cells to the pluripotent state were not up to par, but the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) paved a new hope for the researchers. Soon after the discovery, iPSCs technology is undergoing renaissance day by day, i.e., from the use of genetic material to recombinant proteins and now only chemicals are employed to convert somatic cells to iPSCs. Thus, this technique is moving straightforward and productive at an astonishing pace. Here, we provide a brief introduction to iPSCs, the mechanism and methods for their generation, their prevailing and prospective applications and the future opportunities that can be expected from them.

Highlights

Stem cells are the special primal cells which retain two peculiar properties: Self-renewal to persist their undifferentiated state and differentiation potential to give rise to specialized cell types
Since the embryonic stem cells have knocked the doorsteps, they have proved themselves in the field of science, research, and medicines, but the hovered restrictions confine their application in human welfare
Alternate approaches used to reprogram the cells to the pluripotent state were not up to par, but the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells paved a new hope for the researchers

Summary

Introduction

Stem cells are the special primal cells which retain two peculiar properties: Self-renewal to persist their undifferentiated state and differentiation potential to give rise to specialized cell types. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated To address these shortcomings, Takahashi and Yamanaka in 2006 [6] introduced an advanced step toward nuclear reprogramming based on transcription factor action for generation of new stem cell type called “induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).”. Naive state cells are conventionally mouse-type ES/iPSCs, which form compact domeshaped colonies and proliferate very rapidly They are dependent on external LIF signals for their growth and proliferation. Dependent on the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signal for their proliferation [8] They proliferate very slowly as compared to naive state cells. There is the peculiar distribution of task among the transcription factors for reprogramming the fibroblast cells to pluripotent state [14,15]

Methods of Generation of iPSCs

Findings

Conclusion