Indoors lead corrosion: Reassessing the role of formaldehyde

Abstract

The present work is focused on the role of formaldehyde in indoors Pb corrosion, that is still a controversial issue. Pb coupons were exposed to the atmosphere produced by formaldehyde aqueous solutions (1% and 4% in volume) and corrosion was followed by Raman Microscopy. The compounds formed in both experiments were the same, but were not in agreement with previously reported results in the literature, that identified plumbonacrite, hidrocerussite and Pb oxide. The experiments here reported have clearly shown that formates are produced on Pb surfaces exposed to formaldehyde and that oxidants, such as H 2O 2, are not necessary. Formaldehyde oxidation also occurs with powdered PbO in a controlled environment. The Raman spectra of the Pb formates are much more complex than the Pb(HCO 2) 2 spectrum and change when exposed to room conditions, by a slow reaction with CO 2, forming Pb carbonates (hidrocerussite and plumbonacrite mostly) and Pb(HCO 2) 2. Such spectral change may be responsible for the differences in terms of chemical composition of the corrosion layer when the data here reported is compared with the literature. Other factors that must be considered are the storage conditions (particularly relative humidity and CO 2 concentration) and time; the effect of metal composition cannot be discarded as it is well known that the presence of other metals can change significantly the Pb resistance to oxidation.