Abstract
GPS has limitations in indoor applications. Consequently, other indoor localization techniques and systems are active areas of research. Visible Light Positioning (VLP) is a promising option, especially given the growing popularity of LED-based lighting and the expected adoption of the forthcoming Visible Light Communication (VLC). This paper reports a novel VLP technique. The developed technique uses received signal strength for ranging. It is followed by the iterative estimation of a location using spring relaxation. The performance of the proposed technique was experimentally evaluated in indoor settings and benchmarked against the lateration- and fingerprint-based localization approaches in multiple scenarios. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed VLP approach offers an opportunity to outperform the existing techniques in terms of localization accuracy and precision.
Highlights
Research and development in the area of Indoor Localization and Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) have been highly intensive during the recent decade
Visible Light Positioning (VLP) systems based on Received Signal Strength (RSS) [16], Angle of Arrival (AOA) [17], Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) [18], Phase Difference of Arrival (PDOA) [19], Differential Phase Difference of Arrival (DPDOA) [20] have been reported in the literature
It offers the following contributions: a) First reported VLP system based on the SpringRelaxation algorithm: The VLP system was developed and implemented while employing the received signal strength (RSS)-distance model-based ranging followed by the localization using the SR technique; b) Cost-effective VLP system leveraging existing lighting infrastructure: The luminaires are cost-effective Commercial Off-TheShelf (COTS) and the target is equipped with a cheap PD
Summary
Research and development in the area of Indoor Localization and Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) have been highly intensive during the recent decade. One of the main shortcomings of such IPS solutions is the onus on the end-user to deploy the localization infrastructure This is in a marked contrast to the GPS-Based Outdoor Localization [4] where an end-user can leverage the already existing infrastructure. It would be highly desirable if the IPS follows this GPS ethos, i.e., where the end- user would not be required to deploy any significant additional infrastructure resources. Magnetic Fingerprinting-Based Localization [11] is another option for the infrastructure-less positioning It can be characterized as having rather poor accuracy. A practical (i.e., real-world) VLP is reported that follows the GPS ethos of leveraging existing (lighting) infrastructure while achieving accurate positioning of an object. The developed system employs a novel (Spring-Relaxation) positioning technique
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