Abstract
A theoretical model is presented showing the effects of indoor deposition following the leakage of gas from outside a building. The model is used to study toxic gas clouds from accidents or attacks with chemical warfare agents. The influence of deposition on indoor pollutant concentration, total exposure, and maximum concentration is studied. The effect of deposition in ventilation channels, cracks and insulation is also treated, as well as effects of internal filtration. Available values of indoor deposition velocities for some toxic gases are reviewed. The model shows that reduced air exchange will increase the protection against gases, which have indoor deposition velocities larger than zero. Internal filtration provided by human respiration and increased total indoor surface also contribute to reducing exposure. Available observations and experiments, at low to moderate concentrations, for NH 3, Cl 2, SO 2, and a simulant for the nerve agent VX, show indoor deposition velocities in the range 3 × 10 −5 −3 × 10 −4 ms −1. However, NH 3 and the simulant for VX, showed a saturation effect with decreasing deposition velocities with time.
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