Abstract
Abstract. There are multiple emerging technologies, devices and integrated equipment to support indoor mapping. The two main categories are the wearable/portable (e.g. hand-held or backpack devices) and the trolley based devices. The most widely used sensors of the integrated systems are the laser scanners (usually profile scanners), camera(s) and the IMU unit. Compared to outdoor mobile mapping systems the main difference is the lack of GNSS signals; localization is usually supported by SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology, using Kalman-filtering. Current paper discusses the assessment of the potential of trolley-based indoor mobile mapping systems (MMS) by surveying a building part by multiple technologies. Besides conventional land surveying measurements, terrestrial lasers scanning and a backpack-based mobile survey have been carried out. The analysis included cloud-to-cloud comparison as well as CAD-based evaluation focusing on the geometric accuracy of the point clouds. The paper also presents the surveying workflow; on its resource-needs and potential application fields. The paper discusses the data acquisition technologies and procedures and the different quality assessment methods and results. Since an experimental survey was conducted with a backpack-based unit in the same study area, the paper gives a brief overview on how the two different mobile mapping technologies can be applied indoor, and presents the main differences, advantages and drawbacks.
Highlights
Indoor mapping can be required by multiple reasons; in many cases design plans, floor plans are not available or the existing ones do not ensure sufficient accuracy, quality or not updated
The duration of field surveys has to be decreased; this is a key requirement in the development of indoor mapping systems
Overall accuracy is depending on many factors; in 2017 Lehtola et al compared eight mobile laser scanners (MLS) and reviewed their advantages and disadvantages based on operating the instruments and their end product
Summary
Indoor mapping can be required by multiple reasons; in many cases design plans, floor plans are not available or the existing ones do not ensure sufficient accuracy, quality or not updated. User-case test areas: an indoor two-floor building and an open city square They compared the two MMS by the surveying experience and the point cloud features and characteristics. The main advantage of the MMS, regardless it is handheld, trolley or backpack, is that it is very fast and easy to use, and no or minimal special knowledge is required to operate these instruments This is why it has great potential in scan-to-BIM applications. They used two TLS devices: Leica ScanStation P20 and a Faro Focus3D X330; and three MMS: ZEB1 handheld MMS, Viametris and NavVis M3 trolley based MMS Their result of the comparison is that while the TLS is slower than the MMS, but its high accuracy is still keeping it as a prominent technique for scan-to-BIM use. Shafiq et al (2018) discussed that the upto-date information of a building has an important role in the facility management (FM); the efficient integration of BIM and FM, aided by MMS results in cost- and energy-saving (Shafiq et al, 2018)
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