Indonesian policy and researches toward 70% reduction of marine plastic pollution by 2025

Abstract

Marine plastic litter has become an emerging pollution issue in Indonesia. In this review, we examined policies related to plastic litter and their impact on reducing plastic litter in Indonesian seas and analyzed the progress in marine plastic research to contribute to the policy. Then, synthesized gaps to improve policy and possible scientific contributions to reduce marine plastic pollution. Our review showed that Indonesia's policy on reducing marine plastic litter pollution was largely focused on land-based sources, lack of sea-based leakage, and limited community behavior change in plastic use. Most research was done in the central region of Indonesia where a hotspot of marine plastic pollution occurred, and understudied in western and eastern regions. The national policy to reduce 70% of marine plastic litter entering the Indonesian seas by 2025 requires an extended period. The active role of local governments, improvement of solid waste management information system, and establishment of a marine plastic research agenda are among the most crucial for achieving national targets.