Abstract
This paper traces the energy transitions in Indonesia: from woodfuels to coal, spanning the period from the establishment of Dutch colonial rule to the 1950s; and from coal to oil, spanning the period from the 1950s to the oil crisis of 1973–1974. It then examines the role of oil in the energy mix of Indonesia, and discusses the reasons — high rates of domestic oil products consumption; the importance of oil as a foreign exchange earner — for the country to move away from oil dependency to alternative forms of energy to meet her domestic needs.
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