Abstract
Indonesian President Bachuruddin Jusuf Habibie and his government, the main opposition parties and most of the armed forces are all agreed on the need for a peaceful political transition. However, increasing mass poverty, and the administration's refusal to investigate the previous regime's crimes, mean that public anger is growing. The main protesters are Jakarta students, but their unrest has given mobs from the slums the opportunity to attack ethnic and religious minorities. Violence is spreading throughout Java, some of which may have been orchestrated by members of the former Suharto regime and their military allies. It is an open question whether the government and the military can, or are willing to, achieve political reform before the entire process is derailed by unrest from below.
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