Indolopyridoquinazoline, Furoquinoline, Canthinone and Protoberberine-Type Alkaloids from Phellodendron amurense Callus Tissues

Abstract

Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (amur cork tree, Fig. 1) is a northern species belonging to the family Rutaceae and is found in Japan, Korea, northern China, Manchuria, Ussuri and Amur. It is a dioecious tree with rather thick branches reaching more than 20 m high in the mountains, whose flowers bloom greenish in May-July. The fruit is nearly globose, is about 1 cm across and turns black when ripe. Another three species are found in Japan: P. amurense Rupr. var. sachalinense F. Schmidt.,P. amurense Rupr. var. japonicum (Maxim.) Ohwi, P. amurense var. lavallei (Dode) Sprague, and also P. chinensis Schneid. in China (Ohwi 1984). Cortex Phellodendri is the dry stem bark of P. amurense Rupr. or P. chinensis Schneid., and is officially listed in the Japanese and Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Tang and Eisenbrand 1992). It is used as a crude drug in Japan, China and Korea: The bark and fruit have been used as a remedy for fever and the fruit has also been used as an expectorant. A decoction or powder is used for stomach relief and an anodyne, and “daraniske” made from the extract is a famous Japanese medicine. It is a remedy for kidney trouble, stomach, and bladder problems. It is also a strong antibiotic to treat bacillary dysentery, typhus and typhoid. The bark of another species P. chinensis is a better grade than that of the northern species. P. wilsonii Hay. and Kaneh. is used as an endemic; a decoction of the inner bark and root is taken for stomach relief and a remedy for kidney trouble.KeywordsCallus TissueAnthranilic AcidIndole AlkaloidIsoquinoline AlkaloidPhellodendron AmurenseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.