Abstract
Abstract Indole is an electron‐rich heteroaromatic nitrogen heterocycle which is isolated from coal‐tar distillate. The chemistry of indole is dominated by electrophilic substitution reactions which occur primarily at the 3‐position. Organometallic derivatives, especially lithium compounds, permit reactions at other ring positions. Substituted indoles are usually prepared from benzene derivatives having a nitrogen substituent. Indole derivatives appear prominently in nature, usually as metabolites of tryptophan. Examples include plant alkaloids and fungal metabolites. Synthetic derivatives of indole have been extensively explored as pharmaceuticals; the nonsteroidal antiflammatory drug indomethacin is the most widely used example.
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