Individual-Tree Models for Even-Aged Stands

Abstract

Individual-tree models consist of a system of equations to simulate stand dynamics by incrementing each tree during a growth period in relation to its growing conditions. Tree growth and mortality are aggregated to provide estimates of stand growth and yield. Individual-tree models represent the highest level of abstraction and resolution in the suite of forest growth and yield models and include feedback loops between stand structure and individual tree growth. This chapter focuses on individual-tree models developed for simulating development of even-aged stands. Individual tree models are divided into two classes, termed distance-dependent or distance-independent, based on whether or not tree locations are required tree attributes. Examples of these two basic models types are furnished. Discussion of making annualized growth predictions from periodic measurements, incorporating stochastic components, and developing growth and yield models with consistency at varying levels of resolution rounds out the chapter.