Abstract
BackgroundThe irregular anatomical shape and complex structures of irregular bones make it more difficult to repair and reconstruct bone defects in irregular bones than in the long bones of the extremities. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can help to overcome the technical limitations of irregular bone repair by generating simulations that enable structural integration of the lesion area and bone structure of the donor site in all directions and at multiple angles. Thus, personalized and accurate treatment plans for restoring anatomical structure, muscle attachment points, and maximal function can be made. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of 3D printing technology to assist in the repair and reconstruction of scapular aneurysmal ABC defects.MethodsThe study included seven patients with ABCs of the scapula. Based on computed tomography (CT) data for the patient, the scapula (including the defect) and pelvis were reconstructed using Mimics Medical software. The reconstructed scapula model was printed using a 3D printer. Before the operation, the model was used to design the surgical approach and simulate the operation process, to determine the length and radius of the plate and the number and direction of screws, and to determine the bone mass of the ilium and develop reasonable strategies for segmentation and distribution. The operation time, amount of bleeding, length and radius of the plate, and direction and number of screws were recorded.ResultsThe average duration of follow-up was 25.6 months, and none of the seven patients experienced recurrence during the follow-up period. The surgical approach, the length and radius of internal fixation, and the number and direction of screws were consistent with the designed operation plan. Patients gradually recovered the anatomical structure of the scapula and function of the shoulder joint.ConclusionsIn the treatment of bone defects caused by irregular bone tumors, 3D printing technology combined with surgery has the advantages of less trauma, short operation time, less bleeding and reducing the difficulty of operation, which can reduce the waste of bone graft, and more complete reconstruction of the anatomical structure of the defective bone.
Highlights
The term “bone defect” refers to a loss of bone mass due to bone destruction caused by tumors and tumorrelated diseases that erode normal bone tissue
Luo et al BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders (2021) 22:984 operation, which can reduce the waste of bone graft, and more complete reconstruction of the anatomical structure of the defective bone
Tumors can lead to defects in bones of different sizes, shapes, and irregularities, and irregular bones are often located in areas rich in muscle tissue, blood supply, and deep structures
Summary
The term “bone defect” refers to a loss of bone mass due to bone destruction caused by tumors and tumorrelated diseases that erode normal bone tissue. Tumors can lead to defects in bones of different sizes, shapes, and irregularities, and irregular bones (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis, jaw, scapula, others) are often located in areas rich in muscle tissue, blood supply, and deep structures. These characteristics make it more difficult to repair and reconstruct bone defects in irregular bones than in the long bones of the extremities. Treatment for bone defects caused by benign bone tumors includes restoration of the integrity and continuity of the defect site via curettage, bone grafting, and internal fixation [1]. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of 3D printing technology to assist in the repair and reconstruction of scapular aneurysmal ABC defects
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