Individualization and Equality: Women's Careers and Organizational Form

Abstract

Some feminist writings have claimed that 'bureaucracy' is inherently 'patriarchal'. This paper challenges this argument by comparing the experience of women in Ireland in a state sector organization and in a cluster of software firms. While the bureaucratic state company has been reformed to incorporate equal opportunities, in the individualised or 'marketized' software companies women's progress is at the whim of individual managers and motherhood and a career are largely incompatible. If bureaucratic organizations can be reformed in this way, it cannot be claimed that there is any inherent link between bureaucracy and patriarchy. Instead organizations can be either bureaucratic or marketized, and either patriarchal or woman-friendly. These are two separate dimensions which change independently of each other. On this basis the paper suggests that the contemporary 'remasculinization' of management occurs because earlier reforms in bureaucratic organizations are now being eroded.