Abstract
This study investigated cross-cultural differences in individual pride and collective pride between Chinese and Americans using data from text corpora. We found higher absolute frequencies of pride items in the American corpus than in the Chinese corpus. Cross-cultural differences were found for relative frequencies of different types of pride, and some of them depended on the genre of the text corpora. For both blogs and news genres, Americans showed higher frequencies of individual pride items and lower frequencies of relational pride items than did their Chinese counterparts. Cross-cultural differences in national pride, however, depended on the genre: Chinese news genre included more national pride items than its American counterpart, but the opposite was true for the blog genre. We discuss the implications of these results in relation to the existing literature (based on surveys and laboratory-based experiments) on cultural differences in individual pride and collective pride.
Highlights
Pride is a basic human emotion and refers to a self-conscious emotion derived from one’s achievements
The total frequencies of the pride items were much higher in the English corpus (86.93 and 85.74 usages per million words for the blog genre and the news genre, respectively), than in the Chinese corpus (14.17 and 22.84 usages per million words)
A chi-squared test showed a significant association between culture (Chinese and American) and pride, χ2(3, N = 2,958) = 97.13, p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.18, which indicates slightly larger than a medium effect size (0.17) according to Cohen (1988)
Summary
Pride is a basic human emotion and refers to a self-conscious emotion derived from one’s achievements. Depending on whether such achievements are attributable to oneself or to a group to which one belongs, the sense of pride is labeled as either individual or group/collective pride (Berkowitz and Levy, 1956; Zander et al, 1972; Chakrabarti, 1992; Liu et al, 2014). Eid and Diener (2001) identified the differences between individualistic cultures and collectivistic cultures with respect to self-reflective emotions (e.g., pride and guilt). Because Eid and Diener (2001) used scenarios involving personal achievements, it is not known whether group or collective pride showed the same pattern of cultural differences. Sznycer and colleagues conducted two cross-cultural studies on pride-eliciting situations: one (Sznycer et al, 2017) involving 16 countries across four continents, but all being
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