Abstract
BackgroundFertility desire for a second child has been a lively topic since the implementation of the two-child policy in China. Chinese researchers have explored various factors influencing the fertility desire for a second child. However, there have not been studies on the individual differences in the relative fertility costs and fertility benefits and their effects on fertility desire for a second child.MethodsA total of 396 participants rated four kinds of relative fertility costs, four kinds of fertility benefits and their fertility desire for a second child. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the individual differences in the relative fertility costs and fertility benefits and their effects on fertility desire for a second child.ResultsStepwise regression analysis showed that parenting joy, health risks, mutual care among siblings, the flourishing of family, and time pressure and opportunity cost significantly predicted the fertility desire for the second child. According to the latent profile analysis, the participants were classified into four classes. Participants in the lowest-cost/lowest-benefit and high-cost/medium-benefit classes had low fertility desire for a second child, while those in the low-cost/high-benefit and highest-cost/highest-benefit classes had high fertility desire.ConclusionFertility benefits have a stronger effect on the fertility desire for a second child than relative fertility costs. Fertility benefits should be paid more attention to than relative fertility costs.
Highlights
The one-child policy was first implemented in 1980 to control the population size in China
The results showed that fertility benefits have a more important influence on the fertility desire for a second child than relative fertility costs
It is suggested that the government should implement favourable policies to decrease women’s time pressure and opportunity cost
Summary
The one-child policy was first implemented in 1980 to control the population size in China. Given the ageing society, the one-child policy was phased out, and the two-child policy has been gradually implemented Couples in which both the husband and wife were single children were allowed to bear two children as of November 2011. Fertility desire and its influencing factors have become a significant issue that both the public and government are closely concerned about since the implementation of two-child policy in China. Fertility desire for a second child has been a heated topic of conversation when people get together. A great many studies have explored the fertility desire for a second child in China and its influencing factors. Fertility desire for a second child has been a lively topic since the implementation of the two-child policy in China. Chinese researchers have explored various factors influencing the fertility desire for a second child. There have not been studies on the individual differences in the relative fertility costs and fertility benefits and their effects on fertility desire for a second child
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