Abstract
Behavioral effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) often show substantial differences between subjects. One factor that might contribute to these inter-individual differences is the interaction of current brain states with the effects of local brain network perturbation. The aim of the current study was to identify brain regions whose connectivity before and following right parietal perturbation affects individual behavioral effects during a visuospatial target detection task. 20 subjects participated in an fMRI experiment where their brain hemodynamic response was measured during resting state, and then during a visuospatial target detection task following 1 Hz rTMS and sham stimulation. To select a parsimonious set of associated brain regions, an elastic net analysis was used in combination with a whole-brain voxel-wise functional connectivity analysis. TMS-induced changes in accuracy were significantly correlated with the pattern of functional connectivity during the task state following TMS. The functional connectivity of the left superior temporal, angular, and precentral gyri was identified as key explanatory variable for the individual behavioral TMS effects. Our results suggest that the brain must reach an appropriate state in which right parietal TMS can induce improvements in visual target detection. The ability to reach this state appears to vary between individuals.
Highlights
There is a growing interest in understanding how behavioral effects of local brain perturbations, such as those produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are modulated by large-scale brain network states[1,2,3]
In contrast to previous studies, the current analyses investigated the interactions of right parietal cortex stimulation and whole brain functional connectivity, rather than BOLD activation
For each of the selected brain regions included in the elastic net model, we investigated the Pearson’s correlations between the behavioral TMS effects on bilateral target detection and mean functional connectivity (Fig. 3c)
Summary
There is a growing interest in understanding how behavioral effects of local brain perturbations, such as those produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), are modulated by large-scale brain network states[1,2,3]. The main question was whether the individual participants’ brain network state before and following TMS stimulation could explain inter-individual differences in parietal TMS effects on attention. To address this question, we focused on one of the most fundamental measures of network integration, functional connectivity, and investigated inter-individual differences in functional connectivity using a whole-brain voxel-wise analysis. The current analyses investigated large-scale connectivity before and following right parietal TMS to identify a set of brain regions whose intra- and/or cross hemispheric connectivity best explains individual TMS effects
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