Individual Difference Predictors of the Experience of Emerging Adulthood

Abstract

The current study examined the dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (EA) and specific self and social processes that influence the experience of this important transitional developmental period, with a particular focus on identity exploration. A large sample collected from a multi-institution collaboration was examined. Results indicated that Arnett’s EA key dimensions (identity exploration, feeling in-between, self-orientedness, negativity/instability, and experimentation), plus an exploratory dimension, other orientedness, shift as a function of age and analyses of quadratic effects suggest that some dimensions may characterize EA better than others. In addition, perceptions of others’ regard (and not self-esteem) moderated the relationship between age and identity exploration. Findings support Arnett’s theory, but also suggest that interpersonal factors are more influential than intrapsychic in prompting identity exploration during EA.