Individual Diet Modification Reduces the Metabolic Syndrome in Patients Before Pharmacological Treatment.

Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko,Kinga Zujko,Marta Rożniata

doi:10.3390/nu13062102

Abstract

Modification of lifestyle, including healthy nutrition, is the primary approach for metabolic syndrome (MetS) therapy. The aim of this study was to estimate how individual nutrition intervention affects the reduction of MetS components. Subjects diagnosed with MetS were recruited in the Lomza Medical Centre. The study group consisted of 90 participants and was divided into one intervention group (individual nutrition education group (INEG)) and one control group (CG). The research was conducted over 3 months. The following measurements were obtained during the first visit and after completion of the 3 months intervention: body mass, waist circumference, body composition, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and blood lipids. Dietary assessments were performed before and post-intervention using 3-day 24-h dietary recalls. Dietary knowledge was evaluated with the KomPAN questionnaire. The total polyphenol content of the diet was calculated. Sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected from a self-reported questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). It was found that the individual nutrition education was an effective method to improve the knowledge, dietary habits, and physical activity of the study participants. The modification of the diet in terms of higher intake of polyphenols (flavonoids and anthocyanins), fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), PUFA n-3, and lower intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) had a significant impact on the improvement of some MetS risk factors (waist circumference, fasting glucose, and HDL-cholesterol).

Highlights

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of interrelated risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are the two leading causes of death worldwide
Over 50% of subjects had unsatisfactory nutritional knowledge and over 60% were characterized by low physical activity
Data are presented as number and percentage (N, %), elevated WC—≥94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women, elevated FG—≥100 mg/dl, elevated TG—≥150 mg/dl, reduced HDL-C—

Summary

Introduction

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of interrelated risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which are the two leading causes of death worldwide. The criteria for the diagnosis of MetS have been continuously modified over the years. In 2009, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) adopted common criteria for MetS diagnosis, which are still relevant [1]. It is estimated that MetS is diagnosed in 20–25% of the global adult population, in. Our previous study, performed in a representative sample of the Polish population in the Multicenter National. Population Health Examination Survey (WOBASZ II study), showed that MetS criteria were met by 36% of participants [5]. Several previous studies have reported that highquality dietary patterns may reduce the risk of MetS in different populations [6,7,8]. Other studies have underlined the role of bioactive components (such as polyphenols) and bioactive-enriched food in MetS reduction [9,10]

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