Abstract
In this chapter, we introduce some basic concepts that will be used throughout this book. In Section 2.2, we start by defining the “at least as good as” relation ≿ that describes the preferences of the individuals over the set of alternatives that they face. We specify certain properties associated with these preference relations. In Section 2.3, we introduce the notion of maximal sets (or choice sets) and link it with the properties of ≿. Finally, in Section 2.4, we discuss social orderings, that is, given a set of agents in a society along with their preferences, how do we aggregate them into social preferences. Specifically, in Section 2.4, we discuss some well-known social aggregation rules like plurality rule, Borda count, anti-plurality rule, oligarchy, and pairwise majority rule.
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