Abstract
ABSTRACTWe studied the effects of temperature, carbon dioxide and abscisic acid on mung bean (Vigna radiata). Plants were grown under 26/22°C or 32/28°C (16 h light/8 h dark) at 400 or 700 μmol mol−1 CO2 and received ABA application of 0 or 100 μl (10 μg) every other day for three weeks, after eight days of initial growth, in growth chambers. We measured 24 parameters. As individual factors, in 16 cases temperature; in 8 cases CO2; in 9 cases ABA; and as interactive factors, in 4 cases, each of temperature × CO2, and CO2 × ABA; and in 2 cases, temperature × ABA were significant. Higher temperatures increased growth, aboveground biomass, growth indices, photochemical quenching (qP) and nitrogen balance index (NBI). Elevated CO2 increased growth and aboveground biomass. ABA decreased growth, belowground biomass, qP and flavonoids; increased shoot/root mass ratio, chlorophyll and NBI; and had little role in regulating temperature–CO2 effects.Abbreviations: AN: net CO2 assimilation; E: transpiration; Fv/Fm: maximum quantum yield of PSII; gs: stomatal conductance; LAR: leaf area ratio; LMA: leaf mass per area; LMR: leaf mass ratio;φPSII: effective quantum yield of PSII; qNP: non-photochemical quenching; qP: photochemical quenching; SRMR: shoot to root mass ratio; WUE: water use efficiency
Highlights
It is well known that greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide, trap solar radiation in the atmosphere to naturally heat the Earth (Houghton 2015)
We studied the effects of temperature, carbon dioxide and abscisic acid on mung bean (Vigna radiata)
We examined the individual and interactive effects of temperature, CO2 and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) on the growth and physiology of mung bean (V. radiata) plants
Summary
It is well known that greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide, trap solar radiation in the atmosphere to naturally heat the Earth (Houghton 2015). Anthropogenic activities have contributed to increased greenhouse gas emissions since the industrial revolution, and these activities are enhancing the greenhouse effect and leading to global warming. According to the report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the concentration of global atmospheric CO2 has increased from 278 μmol mol−1 in 1750 (Stocker et al 2013) to 404.21 μmol mol−1 in 2016 (Tans 2017), and may surpass 700 μmol mol−1 by 2100 (Stocker et al 2013). The global average surface temperature has increased 0.85°C between 1880 and 2012, and may increase by up to 6.4°C by the end of this century (Stocker et al 2013). CO2 concentration and temperature are progressing at alarming rates. The relationship between photosynthesis, crop growth and yield and the interactions between plant growth and abiotic factors, are posing incredible challenges for scientists around the world (Ainsworth et al 2008)
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