Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of beneficial microorganisms in crop systems can contribute to sustainable agriculture by promoting improvements in crop development and grain yield without damaging the environment. However, there is much uncertainty surrounding the effects of using a combination of microorganisms to promote plant development. The objective of this work was to determine the effects of microorganism species individually and in combination on the biomass production, gas exchange and nutrient contents in the shoots and roots of soybean plants. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 30 treatments and three replicates. The treatments consisted of the application of the rhizobacteria BRM 32109, BRM 32110 and 1301 (Bacillussp.); BRM 32111 and BRM 32112 (Pseudomonas sp.); BRM 32113 (Burkholderia sp.); BRM 32114 (Serratia sp.); Ab-V5 (Azospirillum bras ilense) and 1381 (Azospirillum sp.); the fungus Trichoderma asperellum (a mixture of the isolates UFRA. T06, UFRA. T09, UFRA. T12 and UFRA. T52); 19 combinations of these microorganisms, and a control (no microorganisms). At sowing, the soil was treated with Bradyrhizobium, and then the soybean seeds were inoculated. The microorganism suspension was applied in each treatment at 7 days after planting (DAP) in the soil and at 21 DAP on the seedlings. The Trichoderma pool, Ab-V5, 1301 + 32110, 1301 + 32114, 1301 + Ab-V5 and 32110 + Ab-V5 treatments resulted in significantly higher total biomass accumulation in the soybean plants, with values that were, on average, 25% higher than that in the control treatment. Our results suggest that the use of beneficial microorganisms in cropping systems is a promising technique.
Highlights
Soybean (Glycine max) is the main oil crop in the world, with a planted area of 124.580 million hectares and production of 336.699 million tons, of which Brazil contributes 115 million tons; the United States, the largest soybean producer, contributes 123.63 million tons (USDA, 2019)
A significant increase was observed in the transpiration rate (E) of soybean plants treated with BRM 32113 compared to that of control plants (Figure 1B)
The use of beneficial microorganisms such as those used in our study could be important in improving plant gas exchange parameters, including the transpiration rate, and could be very advantageous for plant development
Summary
Soybean (Glycine max) is the main oil crop in the world, with a planted area of 124.580 million hectares and production of 336.699 million tons, of which Brazil contributes 115 million tons; the United States, the largest soybean producer, contributes 123.63 million tons (USDA, 2019). Soybean is considered one of the best Brazilian agribusiness products, as it generates approximately 70 billion dollars a year (APROSOJA, 2018). This makes soybean a high-priority research topic. One method for increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and decreasing the amount of fertilizers applied in agricultural production environments is the use of microorganisms that promote plant growth (SPOLAOR et al, 2016). Among these microorganisms, plant growthpromoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are notable. PGPR are able to improve plant development through different mechanisms, such as nutrient supplementation through biological nitrogen fixation, P and Fe solubilization, and siderophore production; inhibition of the development and action of pests and pathogens; and production of phytohormones, such as indole acetic acid (IAA), as well as antibiotic and antifungal compounds that induce rooting and plant growth and increase the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress (CARDOSO; ANDREOTE, 2016)
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