Abstract
Plasmonic nanoantennas can significantly enhance the light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, and as a result have been used in a variety of applications such as sensing molecular vibrations in the infrared range. Indium–tin–oxide (ITO) shows metallic behavior in the infrared range, and can be used for alternative plasmonic materials. In this work, we numerically studied the optical properties of hexagonal ITO nanodisk and nanohole arrays in the mid-infrared. Field enhancement up to 10 times is observed in the simulated ITO nanostructures. Furthermore, we demonstrated the sensing of the surface phonon polariton from a 2-nm thick SiO2 layer under the ITO disk arrays. Such periodic arrays can be readily fabricated by colloidal lithography and dry etching techniques; thus, the results shown here can help design efficient ITO nanostructures for plasmonic infrared applications.
Highlights
Infrared spectroscopy is a traditional characterization technique for the accurate detection of chemical and biological species thanks to the characteristic absorption bands of the consisting chemical bonds, which form the “fingerprints” of the molecules
Periodic nanoparticle arrays can be achieved by e-beam lithography (EBL) or focused-ion beam (FIB), providing better control over the spectral positions of the plasmon resonances that are preferred to overlap with the molecular vibrations for enhanced sensitivity [14,15]
Besides nanoparticle-based Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), there is another class of SEIRA that employs tip-based nano-IR systems and has achieved tremendous progress recently [16–18]
Summary
Infrared spectroscopy is a traditional characterization technique for the accurate detection of chemical and biological species thanks to the characteristic absorption bands of the consisting chemical bonds, which form the “fingerprints” of the molecules It is facing increasing difficulty when the amount of the analytes becomes less and less down to the level of monolayers or a few molecules because of the extremely small absorption cross-sections of the molecules. Besides nanoparticle-based SEIRA, there is another class of SEIRA that employs tip-based nano-IR systems and has achieved tremendous progress recently [16–18] Such systems take advantage of the sharp-tip-induced large field enhancement to achieve ultrasensitive molecular detection with both high spectral and spatial resolution enabling promising applications for IR spectroscopy [19,20]. For future experimental studies that use ITO for infrared plasmonic sensing applications
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