Abstract
Cinchona officinalis is an important species from the Andean cloud forest that has a low regeneration rate in natural populations. In vitro regeneration of C. officinalis has been successfully established but somaclonal variation was not evaluated. The regeneration pathway and the number of subcultures on somaclonal variation were evaluated using six ISSR primers that amplified 58 loci of Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR). A dendrogram based on Jaccard´s genetic distance between the subcultures and the donor plant was produced. The results show that indirect shoot regeneration induces somaclonal variation, in the presence 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with kinetin and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP). In combination with 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), BAP produces genetically stable explants. The highest proliferation rate was achieved using BAP and IBA. The present research study suggests avoiding the use of 2,4-D when C. officinalis is propagated for reintroduction and restoration projects.
Highlights
AND OBJECTIVESCascarilla, Cinchona officinalis Linneo. (Rubiaceae) is a tree species from the Andean cloud forest of southern Ecuador and northern Peru (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Andersson et al, 1998)
Cinchona officinalis is an important species from the Andean cloud forest that has a low regeneration rate in natural populations
The results show that indirect shoot regeneration induces somaclonal variation, in the presence 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in combination with kinetin and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP)
Summary
AND OBJECTIVESCascarilla, Cinchona officinalis Linneo. (Rubiaceae) is a tree species from the Andean cloud forest of southern Ecuador and northern Peru (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993; Andersson et al, 1998). Cinchona officinalis presents a high germination rate, ranging from 50 to 87% in assays performed with in vitro and ex vitro controlled conditions (Caraguay–Yaguana et al, 2016; Armijos-González & Pérez-Ruiz, 2016; Romero-Saritama & Munt, 2017) Despite this fact, the species requires specific conditions to continue its development in nature, resulting in a low regeneration rate in the remnant populations (Acosta, 1947; Garmendia, 2005). The majority of the populations studied were composed of adult plants located in areas of difficult access in fragmented forest and pasture areas They suggested that the moderate levels of genetic diversity of these populations have to be conserved, and that it is necessary to develop strategies to protect and conserve the remnant populations
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