Indirect frequency estimation by time-shifted accelerations subtraction: Generalization of the methodology and numerical application on a Warren truss bridge

Abstract

In the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of transportation infrastructures, bridge eigen frequencies are commonly adopted as diagnostic indices. Under this regard, as a cost-effective identification methodology, indirect SHM, which consists in the use of sensors installed on running vehicles, is attracting attention. In particular, methods relying on the use of two or more on-board sensors may suppress the influence of track irregularity, which is a remarkable drawback for indirect SHM, and improve the identification accuracy. However, the combination characteristics of the two on-board sensors is still an open issue to be addressed. Also, in many studies, test bridges consist of simple girders, and there are few verifications on complex structures, such as truss bridges. The first contribution of this study is the analytical and generalized expression of the operational range defining the use of time-shifted signals subtraction operation for indirect frequency estimation. After the outcomes provided by this formulation were confirmed by the results obtained from a 2D explanatory example, the proposed procedure was further validated through three-dimensional train-track-bridge dynamic simulations. For this purpose, 3D FE model of a real existing Warren truss bridge, dynamically validated through experimental tests, and a 3D multi-body rail vehicle were adopted. From an engineering standpoint, a relevant result of this study found is that the coexistence of proper sensors onboard positioning and sufficient target bridge component excitation revealed to be crucial for the success of an indirect frequency identification procedure which is based on time-shifted accelerations subtraction.