Abstract
The possibility of using an index calculated from (hoof width × foot length) for an estimation of foot area was investigated using data from moose, wapiti, white-tailed deer, and bison. No significant differences in measurements were found between males and females for any species (p > 0.10). Correlation coefficients between (hoof width × foot length) against measured foot area were high for all species (p < 0.001) and use of the mean of values for one fore foot and one hind foot per animal was as satisfactory as the use of the means of all four feet. The technique can be used in the field to facilitate collection of foot area data for calculation of foot loading of various sex and age classes of ungulates during studies of adaption to snow.
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