Indigenous Wisdom and Geological Understanding: Exploring Andean Indigenous Perspectives on Geology Through Myths and Legends in Ecuadorian Geoparks. 

Abstract

In Ecuador, several tools have been extensively utilized to disseminate the principles of geoheritage and geoconservation, effectively integrating geological aspects with tourism and local development initiatives. Ecuadorian Geoparks such as Imbabura and aspiring ones like Napo Sumaco and Tungurahua Volcano encompass geological sciences and intricately intertwine with cultural essence. Tales and legends from indigenous communities inhabiting these landscapes greatly enhance this integration. These geoparks serve as unique reflections of indigenous perspectives on the formation of the Earth. We aim to explore how geosciences and ethnohistory within these geoparks have established intergenerational connections and facilitated geologic communication with the public. The indigenous people of the Ecuadorian Andes maintain a profound spiritual connection with nature, deeply rooted in their language, Runa Shimi, which surpasses mere communication. This Andean indigenous worldview recognizes the interconnectedness between God (Wiraqucha), nature (Pachamama), and humans (Runas), emphasizing mutual respect. Their belief system acknowledges elements like rivers, mountains, and stars as lifeless entities and manifestations of Pachamama's essence. This worldview advocates maintaining harmony between humans and nature, rooted in their culture, social order, and values, evident in ceremonies, music, and rituals. It illustrates the Runas' commitment to upholding solidarity and respect as part of their cultural identity while living with volcanoes. Embracing the essence of Runa Shimi, myths, and legends play a fundamental role in understanding the intricate ties between humans and nature. Narratives such as the legend of Mama Cotacachi recount the Earth's transformations through thunder and lightning, symbolizing geological events. While these stories may not entirely align with scientific explanations, they offer insights into natural phenomena. Current scientific knowledge allows for geological interpretations, explaining landscapes shaped by seismic activity, winds, and tectonic forces mentioned in the legends. This interdisciplinary approach emphasizes the potential for collaboration between geosciences and humanities. It showcases harmony between indigenous beliefs and geological knowledge, demonstrating that both disciplines share more interfaces than boundaries. In addition, it encourages dialogue between seemingly distinct disciplines, promoting openness to new perspectives and facilitating a more holistic understanding of the relationship between humans and their natural environment within the context of Ecuadorian geoparks.