Abstract
There were no differences for demographic, socioeconomic, epidemiological variables, as well as for the variables of habitual consumption of fat and different types of isolated or associated fatty acids and lifestyle between the two groups. However, different relationships were observed in each group, between fasting blood glucose values and fat consumption, such as: in the pre-diabetic group there was an inverse relationship with fat consumption tertiles in relation to fatty acids (AG) monounsaturated (M) - (15.16 ± 0.65g and 24.11 ± 2.74g) and Index I: S (I: S) - (1.39 ± 0.72g); and positive relationships with the consumption of the w-6: w-3 and w-6: w-9 indexes. In the normoglycemic group, inverse relationships were observed with the consumption of AGM w-3 and the w-3 total fat index and a positive relationship with the consumption of total polyunsaturated AG fats, indexes w-6: w-3, I: S w- 6: w-9.
Highlights
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount and quality of fat consumed habitually by pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic adults
It was concluded that there were no differences between the consumption variables for all types of fats between the two groups, but differences were observed in terms of the amounts consumed, especially regarding the indices between fatty acids, when relating these values of consumption in each group with fasting blood glucose values
Studies investigating MUFAs have found that these Fatty Acid (FA) protect against decreased glucose tolerance [22] the results found in the present study in both the normoglycemic group, with a negative correlation between consumption of these FAs and fasting glucose levels, and the prediabetic group, with consumption per tertile values of 8.34% and 13.23%, respectively, which corroborate the Brazilian Diabetes Guidelines (SBD) [23] in which values of 5 to 15% of the VET or greater than 12% are recommended
Summary
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the amount and quality of fat consumed habitually by pre-diabetic and normoglycaemic adults. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [1], almost half of American adults have diabetes or pre-diabetes, which leads to a lower quality of life and a reduced life expectancy and imposes a burden on public health services. A dietary plan emphasizing adequate amounts of Monounsaturated (MU), Polyunsaturated (PU), and saturated fats may improve glucose metabolism and reduce the risk of developing the disease. Research indicates that both the quality and the amount of dietary Fatty Acids (FAs) consumed have important roles in insulin resistance in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Many researchers have analysed the relationships between FA intake and insulin resistance [3] and/or diabetes [4] and have contributed to this field of research by shedding light on potentially modifiable FA targets for the prevention or improvement of insulin resistance
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