Abstract
This article presents the results of the level of feeding and the health status of dairy cows in a commercial dairy farm on the content of the main components in milk (fat, protein, urea). The aim of the research was to study the milk productivity and composition of milk of cows, to analyze the level of feeding and the content of basic nutrients in the diet of the farm. The farm breeds purebred Holstein cattle with a high genetic potential for productivity. The milking herd was formed in 2009 on the basis of 600 heads of Holstein-Friesian heifers imported from Hungary, as well as 65 heads of Holsteinized heifers of Ukrainian selection from Ukraine in 2015. Today the livestock numbers about 1,500 head of cattle, of which there are about 900 breeders. On the territory of the farm there are: 3 cowsheds for keeping cows, an insemination room, a milking parlor with a parallel installation of the Delaval company, in which 48 cows are milked for one milking, the ABK, where the manager's office, livestock technician, accounting is located, and a mini-hotel with dining room and lounges. Dairy bases are equipped with auto-drinkers, ventilation, plumbing, electric lighting, manure removal mechanisms, and a milking installation. The object of the research was Holstein cows in the amount of 483 heads of Aina Dairy Farm LLP. The studies were carried out according to generally accepted zootechnical methods using modern equipment for conducting analyzes and interstate and state standards. The research results showed that the milk productivity of cows averaged 19.5 kg per day, the fat content 4.3%, the protein 3.9%, the number of somatic cells 230.5 thousand units / ml, urea 45.3 mg / 100 ml respectively. Analyzing the level of urea in milk can suggest a high crude protein content in the diet. The ration of feeding dairy cows on the farm is concentrate-silage-haylage and there is an excess of dry matter by 16.2%, crude protein by 9.8%, starch by 29.4%, respectively.
Highlights
High milk production of dairy cows with inadequate feeding levels is the cause of many animal diseases
Milk productivity and milk composition were determined in the dairy farm on the basis of monthly control milking data, where milk samples were taken from 483 dairy cows
Ranking the flock by fat / protein ratio tends to bias this ratio towards less than 1.1: 1, which often occurs with a diet rich in energy and poor structure
Summary
High milk production of dairy cows with inadequate feeding levels is the cause of many animal diseases. Violations of protein metabolism may occur, which leads to a decrease in milk production, a deterioration in reproduction rates, and, as a consequence, to a short life of animals. To prevent such undesirable changes, it is necessary to use various indicators, the values of which can be used to promptly adjust the parameters of feeding and maintenance (Oltner and Wiktorsson, 1983; Roseler et al, 1993). Control of the urea content in milk allows, as the experience of the dairy laboratories of the USA, Germany and others shows, to rationally use protein feeds and premixes, thereby reducing the risks of both excess and lack of crude protein in the diet of animals
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