Abstract
Background and Aims: Diagnostic colonoscopy allows exploration of the colonic mucosa. Indications are multiple. The purpose of this work was to describe the indications and to report the lesions observed during colonoscopy at the General Hospital of Douala. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection over a period of 7 years (January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2017). The data collected from the reports were socio-demographic characteristics, indications and lesions observed at colonoscopy. Binary logistic regression allowed us to identify the independent risk factors associated with the presence of tumors and polyps. Results: We included 719 exams. The main indications were rectorrhagia (29.5%), abdominal pain (25.9%) and constipation (17.8%). A colonic lesion was found in 60.1% of cases. A colorectal tumor accounted for 10.3% of cases. Factors independently associated with colonic tumor were complete colonoscopy (aOR: 0.167 95% CI [0.096 - 0.289], p Conclusion: The presence of weight loss, abdominal or rectal mass should motivate the realization of a complete colonoscopy in search of a colorectal tumor. The most observed lesions remain hemorrhoids, polyps and diverticulosis of the colon.
Highlights
The incidence of organic colonic disease is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa [1]
Factors independently associated with colonic tumor were complete colonoscopy, presence of abdominal or rectal mass [5.684 - 31.544], p < 0.001) and weight loss
The presence of weight loss, abdominal or rectal mass should motivate the realization of a complete colonoscopy in search of a colorectal tumor
Summary
The incidence of organic colonic disease is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa [1]. Colonoscopy allows visualization of the entire colonic mucosa [2]. In Cameroon, the main indications for colonoscopy are rectorrhagia (30.9%), abdominal pain (29.4%), chronic diarrhea (11.8%), chronic constipation (8.7%) [9]. All these indications do not always lead to the detection of digestive lesions. Factors independently associated with colonic tumor were complete colonoscopy (aOR: 0.167 95% CI [0.096 - 0.289], p < 0.001), presence of abdominal or rectal mass (aOR: 13.390 95% CI) [5.684 - 31.544], p < 0.001) and weight loss (aOR: 5.143, 95% CI [2.450 - 10.797], p < 0.001). Conclusion: The presence of weight loss, abdominal or rectal mass should motivate the realization of a complete colonoscopy in search of a colorectal tumor. The most observed lesions remain hemorrhoids, polyps and diverticulosis of the colon
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