Abstract
This study aimed at the investigation of abnormal liver and renal functions by biochemical manifestations of underlying metabolic abnormalities in relation to hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The study comprised 118 diabetic patients (56 males, 62 females) and 60 age-matched healthy non-diabetic controls (30 males, 30 females). All subjects were tested for serum levels of liver enzymatic indicators, which include aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), as well as non enzymatic parameters, including total bilirubin and total proteins.Also, serum levels of renal function markers, including microalbumin, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were measured.
 The findings of this study stated that serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels were significantly higher in diabetic males and females with both age ranges (40-59 & 60-80 years). Serum total bilirubin level showed a significant decrease in diabetic males and females of both age groups. However, total proteins level showed a significant increase in diabetic males and females of both age groups. The results also showed that the level of microalbumin in urine as well as those of creatinine, urea, and uric acid in the serum were significantly higher in diabetic males and females. The present study concludes that there is a bidirectional relationship of enzymatic and non enzymatic liver and renal functions markers with the hyperglycemic status in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common disorder of endocrine system in humans, characterized by hyperglycemia over a prolonged period of time
The diabetic syndrome was confirmed by the determination of glucose and HbA1c levels in diabetic patients compared with normal healthy and age-matched controls
This approximates the results shown by others [19], who observed that total proteins level was increased in diabetics as compared to controls, while a significant reduction of serum total bilirubin (TB) level was recorded in diabetic male and female patients with both age ranges in comparison with those in control groups
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common disorder of endocrine system in humans, characterized by hyperglycemia over a prolonged period of time. Lipid and glucose abnormalities, fatty liver disease, and increased activities of liver enzymes are markers of liver tissue damage. Increased levels of these markers was linked with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance [2]. The scope of liver disease in type 2 diabetes includes abnormal liver enzymes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and acute liver failure [3]. It is becoming clear that the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 DM is more complex than previously believed. Strong epidemiological evidence suggests a bidirectional relationship between these two disease conditions and that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may precedes and/or promotes the development of type 2 DM [4]
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