Indications of caesarean section in overweight and obese versus normal-weight pregnant women: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that indications of c-section in overweight or obese pregnant women are different from those with normal-weight.Methods: Retrospective cohort study at University Hospital of Puerto Real (Cádiz-Spain). We compared frequency distribution of c-section indications in overweight and obese versus normal-weight. The risk of c-section by different indications was calculated as relative risk.Results: A total of 4685 births were included in the study. There are significant differences in the frequency distribution of caesarean indications among normal weight and overweight or obese women. In overweight, we found an increased risk of c-section due to previous c-section (RR: 1.73; confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.24–2.42), obstructed/non-progressive labour (RR: 1.34; CI 95% 1.03–1.75), failed induction of labour (RR: 2.38; CI 95% 1.30–4.34) and foetal distress (RR: 1.73; CI 95% 1.21–2.49). This risk was even higher in obese women: previous c-section (RR: 3.25; CI 95% 2.24–4.71), obstructed/non-progressive labour (RR: 2; CI 95% 1.45–2.77), failed induction (RR: 2.52; CI 95% 1.15–5.51) and foetal distress (RR: 2.35; CI 95% 1.51–3.65).Conclusions: The risk of caesarean section due to previous caesarean section, obstructed/non-progressive labour, failed induction of labour or foetal distress is greater in overweight and obese than in normal-weight. This increase in risk also increases progressively as maternal BMI increases.