Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine indications for the use of sialoendoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis.Materials and Methods.The study involved 115 patients with sialolithiasis, who underwent cone beam computed tomography, ultrasound diagnosis of the salivary glands, and sialoendoscopy, in addition to the standard general clinical examination.Results.Sialoendoscopy makes it possible to detect a stone, determine its shape, relative size, mobility, and assess the condition of the salivary ducts. It is impossible to obtain this information by other methods, though it is very important for treatment decision making. The design of the sialoscope and its special instruments make it possible to proceed with sialolith extraction immediately after detecting it.Conclusion.The absolute indication for the use of sialoendoscopy is mobile calculi less than 5 mm in diameter (L1 according to F. Marchal’s LSD classification). In case of immobile sialoliths less than 4–8 mm in size, located in the main duct (L2), endoscopy should be used as a method supplementary to ductotomy. When sialoliths are located in the distal parts behind the areas of bending or stricture (L3a and L3b), the use of endoscopy is not indicated.
Highlights
In the diagnosis of sialolithiasis, the most commonly used methods are non-contrast or contrast-enhanced projection radiography, multispiral and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), ultrasound scanning, and other methods
Numerous studies on the treatment of sialolithiasis show that it is adequate to remove the stone in order to restore the normal function of the salivary gland
Comparing the informational value of ultrasound, CBCT, and sialoendoscopy in the diagnosis of sialolithiasis, we came to the conclusion that none of them provide comprehensive information
Summary
In the diagnosis of sialolithiasis, the most commonly used methods are non-contrast or contrast-enhanced projection radiography, multispiral and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), ultrasound scanning, and other methods. Despite such a wide range of diagnostic tools, the number of errors reaches 46% [1]. The first reports on the endoscopy of the large salivary glands appeared in the last years of the past century [5,6,7]. This promising approach attracted attention of medical researchers and medical equipment engineers. There has been developed complex equipment consisting of a sialoendoscope and supplementary instruments, making sialoendoscopy a full-fledged
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