Indicadores de cobertura vacinal para classificação de risco de doenças imunopreveníveis

Abstract

Objective: To describe vaccination coverage indicators and the risk of transmission of vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods: This is a descriptive ecological study whose unit of analysis consists of the municipalities of the 1st Health Region of the state of Pernambuco. The methodology proposed by the Ministry of Health and prepared in 2016 was used to classify the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases and data were collected from the Information System of the National Immunization Program of the State. Variables related to the vaccination status of the basic vaccines for children under two years of age (vaccination coverage, abandonment rate and homogeneity of vaccination coverage) and the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases were described through the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies and means. Results: Of the twenty municipalities analyzed, 20% (n=4) were at very high risk, 55% (n=11) were at high risk, 15% (n=3) were at intermediate risk and 10% (n=2) were at very low risk. The Tetra viral, Rotavirus and Meningococcal C vaccines had the lowest coverage values in the region: 25% (n=5) of the municipalities reached the goal of homogeneity of vaccination coverage between vaccines and 20% (n=4) of the municipalities scored zero on this indicator. The Rotavirus, Pentavalent and Poliomyelitis vaccines had the highest abandonment rates. Conclusion: The municipalities analyzed fall into the categories of very high and high risk and present low rates of vaccination coverage, thus showing that there is an inversely proportional relationship between risk and indicators.