Abstract
A review of the scientific evidence available on antibiotic prophylaxis in urinary tract infections in childhood is presented. The evidence supporting prolonged antibiotic use in the prevention of urinary tract infection and the development of renal scars is scarce and of low quality. Most studies have been performed in children with a normal urinary tract; the scarcity of information on the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux is surprising, since it is in this group that most clinical practice guidelines recommend this therapeutic intervention. Given the relative lack of evidence, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in childhood should be reframed.
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