Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease which contributes to the mortality and morbidity significantly in India and Brazil. This study was planned to compare the trends of incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of VL burden in India and Brazil from 1990 to 2019 using Global burden of disease study (GBD) data. The metrics are presented as age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants with their respective uncertainty intervals (95% UI) and relative percentages of change. The decline in the Incidence rate is more in case of India (16.82 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.60 cases in 2019) as compared to Brazil (3.12 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 2.65 cases in 2019). The annualized rate of change in number of prevalent cases for India is - 0.95 (95% UI - 0.98 to - 0.91) whereas for Brazil it is - 0.06 (95% UI - 0.41 to 0.52). The annualized rate of change in number of DALY for India is - 0.94 (95% UI - 0.96 to - 0.92) whereas for Brazil it is - 0.09 (95% UI - 0.25 to 0.28). The annualized rate of change in number of deaths for India is - 0.93 (95% UI - 0.95 to - 0.92) whereas for Brazil it is increasing i.e. 0.04 (95% UI - 0.12 to 0.51). India achieves significant reduction in the age standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALY of VL as compared to Brazil during the period of 1990 to 2019. A multi-centric study is required to assess bottleneck in the existing strategies of VLSCP in Brazil.
Highlights
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is a neglected tropical disease which contributes to the mortality and morbidity significantly in India and Brazil (Sundar et al 2012)
This study was planned to compare the trends of incidence, prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) burden in India and Brazil from 1990 to 2019 using Global burden of disease study (GBD) data
Overall there is decrease in the Incidence rate of Visceral Leishmaniasis for both India and Brazil, the decline is more in case of India (16.82 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 0.60cases in 2019) as compared to Brazil (3.12 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 2.65 cases in 2019) [Table 1]
Summary
Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) or Kala-azar is a neglected tropical disease which contributes to the mortality and morbidity significantly in India and Brazil (Sundar et al 2012). According to the outbreak and mortality potential, VL remains one of the top parasitic diseases Both India and Brazil have found their places in the list of 10 countries which have reported more than 95% of new cases to WHO in 2018 (WHO factsheet 2020). As we shifted our focus to review the existing policies of Brazil, we acknowledged the launch of The Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Programme (VLSCP) strategies in early 90’s This strategy included a considerable number of public health measures like canine serological analysis followed by euthanasia of seropositive dogs, together with chemical control of the vector and diagnostic techniques, early diagnosis and treatment of human cases, and population awareness (da Rocha et al 2018). This study was planned to compare the trends of Visceral Leishmaniasis burden in India and Brazil from 1990 to 2019 using Global burden of disease study data
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