Abstract
Since the beginning of the First Five Year Plan in 1951-52, the policies of Government of India (GoI) have protected the micro, small and medium enterprises in India. For the pharmaceutical industry, some specific policies like reservation of certain drugs for exclusive production by smaller firms, exemptions from price control and the Indian Patents Act, 1970 helped the medium and smaller enterprises to compete with the larger enterprises. Some of these initiatives were diluted with the introduction of economic reforms in the early 1990s and medium and small pharmaceutical firms found themselves openly competing with larger firms. This level of competition acquired a new dimension when, in 2005, there occurred a paradigm shift in the patenting system. The process patent regime was replaced by the product patent regime.
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