Abstract
Objective: The study aims to assess the need for orthodontic treatment in a group of referred Nepalese population of Kathmandu valley.
 Materials & Method: Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was evaluated on a group of 412 Nepalese orthodontic patients including 142 male and 270 female subjects aged 11-30 years with the mean age 17.12 years by a single examiner.
 Result: Dental Health Component showed 16 % no/little treatment need, 19.9 % showed borderline need, and 64.1 % showed great/severe treatment need. Aesthetic Component showed 26.5 % no/little treatment need, 32 % showed borderline need, and 41.5 % showed great/severe treatment need.
 Conclusion: Increasing trend of treatment need for more severe forms of orthodontic problems seen in Nepalese orthodontic patients according to DHC and AC scores in age groups 11-25 years and for both male and female gender groups.
Highlights
Ya bKǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƐƚ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽƌĂů ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ ŵĂůŽĐĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ĨĂĐŝĂů ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƉƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ĚƌĂǁŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐdŚĞŽƌĂůͲĨĂĐŝĂůƌĞŐŝŽŶŝƐƵƐƵĂůůLJ ĂŶĂƌĞĂŽĨƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚĚƌĂǁƐƚŚĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶŝŶƚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨǀŽĐĂůƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ &ĂĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨůŝĨĞŶĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞƐŵŝůĞĂŶĚǁĞůůͲĂůŝŐŶĞĚƚĞĞƚŚ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ůĂLJƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ ƉĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŵŽƌĞ ǀĂůƵĞĚ ƚŚĂŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŽƌĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƐŽĐŝĂůͲƉƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐLJ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŽĨĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƉůĂLJĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƌŽůĞŝŶŚŝƐͬ ŚĞƌƐŽĐŝĂůƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŝŶŽďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƐŽĐŝĂůƐŬŝůůƐd dŚƵƐ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƟĞŶƚ ǁŚŽ ŝƐ ŝŶ ŶĞĞĚŽĨŽƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞƚŚŽƐĞǁŝƚŚ ŚŝŐŚĞƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐ
ƵƐĞĚ ŵŽƌĞ ĐŽŵŵŽŶůLJ ƚŽ ĂƐƐĞƐƐ ŽƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ/ŶĚĞdž ŽĨ KƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐ dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ EĞĞĚ ;/KdEͿ ǁĂƐ ĮƌƐƚ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŝŶ ƌŝƚĂŝŶ ďLJ ƌŽŽŬ ĂŶĚ ^ŚĂǁ ŝŶϭεΘε ĂƐ Ă ƐLJƐƚĞŵ ĨŽƌ ŐƌĂĚŝŶŐ ŵĂůŽĐĐůƵƐŝŽŶƐ dŚĞ ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐ h.
ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚ ŽĨ /KdE ǁĂƐ ĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ ŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůůLJ ďLJ ǀĂŶ Θ ^ŚĂǁ ŝŶ ϭεΘϳϳ dŚĞ ƌŝƟƐŚ KƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐ ^ŽĐŝĞƚLJ ƐƚĂƚĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ ŝĨ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ŚĂƐ ƚŽ ďĞ ƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝnjĞĚ ƚŚĞ /KdE ŝƐ ĂŶ ŽďũĞĐƟǀĞ ĂŶĚ ƌĞůŝĂďůĞ ǁĂLJ ĨŽƌ ƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚƐ ƚŽ ƐĞůĞĐƚ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƟĞŶƚƐ ǁŚŽ ǁŝůů ďĞŶĞĮƚ ŵŽƐƚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŝƐ Ă ĨĂŝƌ ǁĂLJ ƚŽ ƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞ ƚŚĞ ůŝŵŝƚĞĚ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ sĂƌŝŽƵƐ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ŽŶ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ŽƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐ ƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐǁĞƌĞĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨ/KdEďLJ
Summary
KǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƐƚ ĚĞĐĂĚĞƐ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉĂĐƚ ŽĨ ŽƌĂů ŚĞĂůƚŚ ŽƌĂů ĚŝƐĞĂƐĞ ŵĂůŽĐĐůƵƐŝŽŶ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞ ĨĂĐŝĂů ĂĞƐƚŚĞƟĐƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƉƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů ǁĞůůͲďĞŝŶŐ ŚĂƐ ĚƌĂǁŶ ŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐ ĂƩĞŶƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ĐůŝŶŝĐŝĂŶƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞƌƐdŚĞŽƌĂůͲĨĂĐŝĂůƌĞŐŝŽŶŝƐƵƐƵĂůůLJ ĂŶĂƌĞĂŽĨƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĨŽƌƚŚĞŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞ ŝƚĚƌĂǁƐƚŚĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶŝŶƚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĂů ŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŝƐƚŚĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨǀŽĐĂůƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů ĂŶĚ ĞŵŽƟŽŶĂů ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ &ĂĐŝĂů ĂŶĚ ĚĞŶƚĂů ĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐ ĂŶ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚ ŽŶ ƋƵĂůŝƚLJŽĨůŝĨĞŶĂƩƌĂĐƟǀĞƐŵŝůĞĂŶĚǁĞůůͲĂůŝŐŶĞĚƚĞĞƚŚ ĂƌĞ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ƚŽ ůĂLJƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ ƉĞƌŚĂƉƐ ŵŽƌĞ ǀĂůƵĞĚ ƚŚĂŶ ƚŚĞ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ŽƌĂů ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐ ƚŽ ƐŽŵĞ ƐƚƵĚŝĞƐ ŝŶ ƐŽĐŝĂůͲƉƐLJĐŚŽůŽŐLJ ŝƚ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƐŚŽǁŶ ƚŚĂƚ ƉŚLJƐŝĐĂů ĂƉƉĞĂƌĂŶĐĞŽĨĂŶŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƉůĂLJĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƌŽůĞŝŶŚŝƐͬ ŚĞƌƐŽĐŝĂůƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƚĞŝŶŽďƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƐŽĐŝĂůƐŬŝůůƐd dŚƵƐ ŝƚ ŝƐ ŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJ ƚŽ ĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞ ƚŚĞ ƉĂƟĞŶƚ ǁŚŽ ŝƐ ŝŶ ŶĞĞĚŽĨŽƌƚŚŽĚŽŶƟĐƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƉƌŝŽƌŝƟnjĞƚŚŽƐĞǁŝƚŚ ŚŝŐŚĞƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐ
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