Abstract
INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD)/ BIRD proteins are a highly conserved plant-specific family of transcription factors which play multiple roles in plant development and physiology. Here, we show that mutation in IDD4/IMPERIAL EAGLE increases resistance to the hemi-biotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, indicating that IDD4 may act as a repressor of basal immune response and PAMP-triggered immunity. Furthermore, the idd4 mutant exhibits enhanced plant-growth indicating IDD4 as suppressor of growth and development. Transcriptome comparison of idd4 mutants and IDD4ox lines aligned to genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies revealed major target genes related to defense and developmental-biological processes. IDD4 is a phospho-protein that interacts and becomes phosphorylated on two conserved sites by the MAP kinase MPK6. DNA-binding studies of IDD4 after flg22 treatment and with IDD4 phosphosite mutants show enhanced binding affinity to ID1 motif-containing promoters and its function as a transcriptional regulator. In contrast to the IDD4-phospho-dead mutant, the IDD4 phospho-mimicking mutant shows altered susceptibility to PstDC3000, salicylic acid levels and transcriptome reprogramming. In summary, we found that IDD4 regulates various hormonal pathways thereby coordinating growth and development with basal immunity.
Highlights
Plants and animals use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to rapidly activate defense signaling pathways and immune responses upon pathogen attack [1, 2]
This work illustrates the involvement of the INDETERMINATE DOMAIN (IDD) family member 4 in the regulation of defense responses against hemibiotrophic pathogens and in processes governing plant growth
IDD4 is embedded in widely-ramified regulatory pathways and exerts
Summary
This work illustrates the involvement of the IDD family member 4 in the regulation of defense responses against hemibiotrophic pathogens and in processes governing plant growth. Genome-wide IDD4 DNA-binding studies revealed subsets of direct targets contributing to various developmental processes and immunity. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation and DNA-shift experiments identified the ID1 motif as the prime target site of IDD4 and revealed that phospho-modifed IDD4 shows altered DNA binding ability and thereby gene expression and pathogen resistance. Overall, these results indicate that IDD4 links signal transduction to gene expression of genes involved in basal immunity and growth and development
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
