Abstract
The present research is focused on the in-depth qualitative analysis of three types of lime essential oil (EO), viz., Key (A and B) and Persian, using the off-line combination of normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-QMS). The first analytical dimension (NP-HPLC) was exploited for the isolation of the hydrocarbon constituents from the oxygenated ones. Each fraction was then reduced in volume and analyzed using (cryogenic modulation) GC × GC-QMS. Peak assignment was carried out through the combined use of mass spectral database and linear retention index matching processes. The powerful four-dimensional technology enabled the separation and identification of a very high number (153) of lime essential oil volatile compounds.
Highlights
Two varieties of sour lime, namely Key or Mexican (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) and Persian (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), find wide use in the flavor industry
A C7 -C30 n-alkane series was kindly provided by Merck Life Science (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) for the calculation of linear retention index (LRI) values
LC pre-separations were performed on the lime essential oils using the Shimadzu 5D Ultra-e system (Kyoto, Japan) consisting of: (1) An LC system, equipped with a CBM-20A communication bus module, two LC-30AD
Summary
Two varieties of sour lime, namely Key or Mexican (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) and Persian (Citrus latifolia Tanaka), find wide use in the flavor industry. In GC × GC analyses, a dedicated transfer device (a cryogenic modulator in the majority of cases) is used to first cut, and transfer fractions of effluent from a first analytical column (usually a conventional column) onto a second one (usually a short micro-bore column segment (1–2 m)) with a different stationary phase. Such a transfer (or modulation) process occurs sequentially, and in a continuous manner, throughout the analysis. The research involved one of each type of lime essential oil
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