Independent Predictors of Increased Operative Time and Hospital Length of Stay Are Consistent Across Different Surgical Approaches to Pancreatoduodenectomy

Abstract

BackgroundWhile minimally invasive approaches are increasingly being utilized for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), factors associated with prolonged operative time (OpTime) and hospital length of stay (LOS) remain poorly defined, and it is unclear whether these factors are consistent across surgical approaches. MethodsThe ACS-NSQIP targeted pancreatectomy database from 2014 to 2016 was used to identify all patients who underwent open (OPD), laparoscopic (LPD), or robotic (RPD) pancreatoduodenectomy. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate predictors of OpTime and LOS, as well as quantify the changes observed relative to each surgical approach. ResultsAmong 10,970 patients, PD procedure types varied: 9963 (92%) open, 418 (4%) laparoscopic, and 409 (4%) robotic. LOS was longer for the open and laparoscopic approaches (11 vs. 11 vs. 10 days, P = 0.0068), whereas OpTime was shortest for OPD (366 vs. 426 vs. 435 min, P < 0.0001). Independent predictors of a prolonged OpTime were ASA class ≥ 3 (P = 0.0002), preoperative XRT (P < 0.0001), pancreatic duct < 3 mm (P = 0.0001), T stage ≥ 3 (P = 0.0108), and vascular resection (P < 0.0001) for OPD; T stage ≥ 3 (P = 0.0510) and vascular resection (P = 0.0062) for LPD; and malignancy (P = 0.0460) and conversion to laparotomy (P = 0.0001) for RPD. Independent predictors of increased LOS were age ≥ 65 years (P = 0.0002), ASA class ≥ 3 (P = 0.0012), hypoalbuminemia (P < 0.0001), and preoperative blood transfusion (P < 0.0001) for OPD as well as an OpTime > 370 min (all p < 0.05) and specific postoperative complications (all p < 0.05) for all surgical approaches. ConclusionsPerioperative risk factors for prolonged OpTime and hospital LOS are relatively consistent across open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches to PD. Particular attention to these factors may help identify opportunities to improve perioperative quality, enhance patient satisfaction, and ensure an efficient allocation of hospital resources.