Abstract
Histone tail modifications can greatly influence chromatin-associated processes. Asymmetrically modified nucleosomes exist in multiple cell types, but whether modifications on both sister histones contribute equally to chromatin dynamics remains elusive. Here, we devised a bivalent nucleosome system that allowed for the constitutive assembly of asymmetrically modified sister histone H3s in nucleosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sister H3K36 methylations independently affected cryptic transcription in gene coding regions, whereas sister H3K79 methylation had cooperative effects on gene silencing near telomeres. H3K4 methylation on sister histones played an independent role in suppressing the recruitment of Gal4 activator to the GAL1 promoter and in inhibiting GAL1 transcription. Under starvation stress, sister H3K4 methylations acted cooperatively, independently or redundantly to regulate transcription. Thus, we provide a unique tool for comparing symmetrical and asymmetrical modifications of sister histone H3s in vivo.
Highlights
In eukaryotes, chromatin carries both genetic and epigenetic information that controls multiple cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription and genome organization (Berger, 2007; Lawrence et al, 2016; Papamichos-Chronakis and Peterson, 2013)
We examined the functions of asymmetrically modified sister histones in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene transcription
A bivalent nucleosome system to study sister histone H3s in yeast In S. cerevisiae, each canonical histone is encoded by two genes
Summary
Chromatin carries both genetic and epigenetic information that controls multiple cellular processes, such as DNA replication, transcription and genome organization (Berger, 2007; Lawrence et al, 2016; Papamichos-Chronakis and Peterson, 2013). The regulation of nucleic acid metabolism by nucleosomes is mediated through multiple post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and sumoylation (Lawrence et al, 2016). Especially on histone H3, regulates chromatin structure and transcription (Ng et al, 2002; Vermeulen and Timmers, 2010; Wagner and Carpenter, 2012).
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