Independent Factors Predicting Early Lower Limb Intra-arterial Thrombolysis Failure

Abstract

Risk factors for early catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis failure in acute lower limb ischemia remain unclear. One hundred forty-nine limbs with acute artery or bypass graft thrombosis underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis (maximum of 48 hours). A retrospective data analysis was carried out to assess possible risk factors for early, 30-day treatment failure. Seventy-nine men (53%) and 70 women (47%) with a median age of 70 (range 32-93) years were treated. Treatment outcomes were determined as success (N = 115, 77%) or failure (N = 34, 23%). The failure criteria comprised rapid progression of ischemia (N= 4, 2.7%) and major bleeding complications (N = 2, 1.3%), both requiring thrombolysis termination and surgery. Inability to reopen native arteries/grafts (N = 10, 6.7%), run-off vessels (N = 10, 6.7%), in-hospital death (N = 4, 2.7%), the need for major amputation (N = 13, 8.7%), and reocclusions (N = 5, 3.4%) within the 30-day follow-up period were also considered as failures. Multivariate analysis of the risk factors' impact on the success of thrombolysis revealed such independent parameters as hypercholesterolemia (OR 0.16, 95% CI 0.06-0.42, P < 0.0001), previous bypass grafting of the ipsilateral limb (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.53, P=0.002), and duration of ischemia prior to the initiation of thrombolysis (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-0.99, P=0.009, per day). According to our results, factors independently predicting early failure include hypercholesterolemia, previous bypass grafting, and a delay in treatment initiation. Moreover, catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis can be considered safe and effective in the treatment of acute lower limb ischemia.