Independent Effects of Surface and Gas Temperature on Coal Fly Ash Deposition in Gas Turbines at Temperatures up to 1400 °C

Abstract

Deposition of coal fly ash in gas turbines has been studied to support the concept of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Although particle filters are used in IGCC, small amounts of ash particles less than 5 μm in diameter enter the gas turbine. Previous deposition experiments in the literature have been conducted at temperatures up to about 1288 °C. However, few tests have been conducted that reveal the independent effects of gas and surface temperature, and most have been conducted at gas temperatures lower than 1400 °C. The independent effects of gas and surface temperature on particle deposition in a gas turbine environment were measured using the Turbine Accelerated Deposition Facility (TADF) at Brigham Young University. Gas temperatures were measured with a type K thermocouple and surface temperatures were measured with two-color pyrometry. This facility was modified for testing at temperatures up to 1400 °C. Subbituminous coal fly ash, with a mass mean diameter of 4 μm, was entrained in a hot gas flow at a Mach number of 0.25. A nickel base super alloy metal coupon 2.5 cm in diameter was held in this gas stream to simulate deposition in a gas turbine. The gas temperature (and hence particle temperature) governs the softening and viscosity of the particle, while the surface temperature governs the stickiness of the deposit. Two test series were therefore conducted. The first series used backside cooling to hold the initial temperature of the deposition surface (Ts,i) constant at 1000 °C while varying the gas temperature (Tg) from 1250 °C to 1400 °C. The second series held Tg constant at 1400 °C while varying Ts,i from 1050 °C to 1200 °C by varying the amount of backside cooling. Capture efficiency and surface roughness were calculated. Capture efficiency increased with increasing Tg. Capture efficiency also initially increased with Ts,i until a certain threshold temperature where capture efficiency began to decrease with increasing Ts,i.